ITES-ZINE 2004 part 8
June 2004 part 1

Ites-Zine index

Date posted

June 10th Jubilee/Venus Transvers Convergence in Chicago June 8
June 4th HIM Haile Selassie and Brown v Board case.

 

Received from Ras Nathaniel

Jubilee Greetings and Rastafari Blessings from Chicago on June 8, 2004: 1,189 days before the Ethiopian Millenium

Exactly fifty years ago today, Haile Selassie I came to Chicago and made an unscheduled visit to the south side to visit South Park Baptist Church, 3722 S King Drive. I and Sister Myrah decided it was important to go to the church in an attempt to get a "touch"--an insight, an inspiration -- from remembering HIM's presence at that very spot exactly one jubilee later. I&I visit was all the more significant due to the fact that this morning at 6:05 am CST the path of Venus directly crossed over the disc of the Sun, an event known as the Venus Transit. This event happens every 130 years and, according to Kiara Windrider and The Global Oneness Foundation, "The energies of Sun and Venus blend together, and as these blended radiations make their way into the Earth's electromagnetic fields, it weaves the energies of love and unity into the mass consciousness of the planet, and potentially into the hearts of every man, woman, and child alive on Earth!" During this "astronomical event of the year" writes Carl Johan Calleman, PH.D, it is hard to avoid the impressions that the very transit of Venus across the Sun has somehow served to concentrate these energies and has sent an intensifying beam to planet Earth. During the Venus transits the cosmic energies were thus strongly amplified. There are however many good reasons to believe that the Venus transit on June 8, 2004. . . will herald a development of communications between human beings that is not based on technology. The chief reason is that we are now at a stage . . . that favors the right brain half and the intuitive faculties of our mind that are mediated by this. And so, we may expect that the upcoming Venus transit will launch an era of communications utilizing mental rather than electromagnetic fields. . . . Since there is no person alive today who was born in 1882 or earlier the Venus transit in 2004 will be everyone's first such experience. What may we then expect from this occurrence?"

Given that I and Sister Myrah were the only two people able to experience the Venus Transit in the very City where Haile Selassie was a full Jubilee ago, and in the exact location where His Imperial Majesty, the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, Conquering Lion of Judah uttered His special message to the African in American's I raspectfully ask for the attention of the Rastafari Family Worldwide at this time.

Haile Selassie's message spoken at the South Park Baptist Church exactly fifty years ago today was that if the United States has been able to assume its outstanding position as leader in the world today, "it has been due, in no small part, to your [i.e descendants of Africa] profound religious faith and ideals." His Imperial Majesty also said, "The high station which the United States has attained has also been due to the devoted labours of every American citizen. And not the least of the credit for these achievements is due to the numerous gorups of American citizens who have made their home on the great African continent of which Ethiopia is proud to be a part." Recalling his 1936 warning to the League of Nations, when Italy was invading his country, Haile Selassie said that in those "difficult hours in our fight for independence, we were not standing alone because peoples of African origin throughout the world were with us in spirit through their moral and spritual support. It is only natural, therefore, that we Africans should follow with deepest interest the inspiring achievements and contributions of the peoples of African origin in the United States. By your actions, your devotions and your sacrifices you are justifying throughout the world the advancement of the cause of racial and social equality and the right of all peoples to freedom, independence and self-expression."

In His Imperial Majesty's first exclusive interview since His arrival to the United States on May 25, 1954, Emperor Haile selassie told the Chicago Defender newspaper that, "My message to the colored people of the United States is that they continue to press forward with determination, their social and intellectual advancement, meeting all obstacles with Christian courage and tolerance, confident in the certainty of the eventual triumph of justice and equality throughout the world." During the brief but exclusive interview the Emperor also exploded the oft repeated rumor that the people of Ethiopia do not wish to be identified with the colored people of America or associate themselves with their problems. With this rumor in mind, the Emperor, the Emperor was asked, "Is there a kindred feeling between your people and the colored people of America?" The Emperor replied: "The people of Ethiopia feel the strongest bond of sympathy and understanding with the colored people of the United States. We greatly admire your achievements and your contributions to American life and the tremendous development of this great nation. I have been deeply impressed with the warmth of the reception which the colored people of the United States have reserved for me." Next, the Emperor was asked, "What do you feel is the best solution to the unrest found in Africa today?" Emperor Haile Selassie replied, "The orderly progress of the African people toward self-government and the increasing participation by the people themselves in the institutions of their government, is, in my opinion, the best long term solution to the political tensions which exist in parts of Africa where self-determination has not yet been fully achieved. [Ras note: Remember that HIM is speaking in 1954, before even Ghana had independence (1957)-- nine years before the OAU was formed.] The expansion of opportunity for education and the improvement in living standards through development programs will also be important factors in any such program." Finally, the Emperor was asked what had been the hihglight of his visit to America thus far. Haile Selassie replied, "I have of course been greatly impressed by the warmth and cordiality of my reception, including of course, the overwhelming warmth of the reception extended me by the colored people of this great nation."

That was His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I's message exactly fifty (50) years ago today. This message came at a time when His Imperial Majesty had already invited Africans in America to repatriate to Ethiopia in 1919 (Ethiopian Empress Zauditu’s nephew and Commander of the Imperial Army Dedjamatch Nadao's secretary Ato Sinkas to Harlem’s Black Jewish leader and Musical Director of the UNIA Rabbi Arnold Josiah Ford); again in 1922 at the UNIA Convention; in 1927 through Dr. Workeneh Martin; and in 1929 to Rabbi Arnold Josiah Ford through Ato Gabrou Desta, who carried Ras Tafari's message that "“We would welcome them back to Ethiopia, their Fatherland . . . . There is plenty of room for them here and we are certain they would be of the greatest aid in restoring their ancient land to its pristine glory.” [see http://rastaites.com/report4.htm#7 ]

Recognizing the need of incoming Repatriates to become Citizens of Ethiopia, His Imperial Majesty issued in the Consolidated Laws of Ethiopia that become part of the 1931 Constitution, under Section 9 NATIONALITY 12(2), the following provision providing for Citizenship for Black people of the West:

“12(2) If the Imperial Ethiopian Government deems any foreigner who applies for Ethiopian citizenship to be of value or if it finds other special reason which convinces it that the applicant should be granted citizenship it may grant him/her Ethiopian citizenship even if he/she does not fulfill the [residency and language] requirements prescribed in Article 12(b) and (d) of the Nationality Law of 1930.”

By 1931, with a framework in place for the full Repatriation of Blacks from the West, Ato Gabrou informed Rabbi Ford and Eudora Paris of land concessions granted.Of course, the Fascist invasion of Ethiopia in 1935-36 interrupted the Repatriation movement of Africans in America until 1948, when, in a letter to the Executive Committee of EWF Local 31 in Kingston, Jamaica, EWF Executive President George Bryan announced the 500 acre Shashemane land grant, which was the personal property of the Emperor, given on a trial basis, "since the way it is utilized will be the touchstone for additional grants." In 1953, His Imperial Majesty sent Madame Sahara on an 18 month repatriation-recruiting mission through Black communities in the United States. A year later, Mamie Richardson of the EWF, went on a similar tour in Jamaica. In the twelve years since His Imperial Majesty regained His Throne in Addis Ababa, Haile Selassie had quadrupled His national economy, Ethiopia was exporting meat, cereals and vegetables to the Middle East, had established a state of the art telecommunications facility in Kagnew, and had made Ethiopian Airlines one of the best and most competititve in the world. That is why Emperor Haile Selassie told a special joint session of the US Congress, on May 28, 1954 that,

"In consequence, in many respects, and particularly since the last world war, Ethiopia has become a new frontier of widely expanding opportunites, notwithstanding the tremendous set-back which we suffered in the unprovoked invasion of our country nineteen years ago and the long years of unaided struggle against an infinitely stronger enemy. The last seventeen years have seen the quadrupling of our foreign trade, currency and foreign exchange holdings. Holdings of American dollars have increased ten times over. The Ethiopian dollar has become the only US dollar-based currency in the Middle East today. The assets of our national bank of issue have increased one thousand percent. Blessed with what is perhaps the most fertile soil in Africa, well-watered, and with a wide variety of climates ranging from temperate on the plateau, to the tropical in the valleys, Ethiopia can grow throughout the year crops, normally raised only in widely separated areas of the earth's surface.

Since the war, Ethiopia has become the granary of the Middle East, as well as the only exporter of meat, cereals and vegetables. Whereas at the end of the war, every educational facility had been destroyed, today, schools are springing up throughout the land, the enrollment has quadrupled and, as in the pioneer days in the United States, and indeed, I presume, as in the lives of many of the distinguished members of Congress here present, school-children, in their zeal for education, take all sorts of work in order to earn money to purchase text books and to pursue their education. Finally, through the return in 1952 of its historic ports on the Red Sea and of the long-lost territory of Eritrea, Ethiopia has not only regained access to the sea, but has been one of the few states in the post-war world to have regained lost territory pursuant to post-war treaties and in application of peaceful means and methods. We have thus become a land of expanding opportunities where the American pioneering spirit, ingenuity and technical abilities have been and will contribute to be welcomed."

Agian, on June 8, 1954, His Imperial Majesty told 1,1000 of Chicago's top business, civic and governmenta leaders that, "Unllimited opportunites exist (in Ethiopia) for American capital and pioneering spirit . . . " Having recognised the "no small part" that Africans in America contributed to what Haile Selassie called America's "phenomenal progress", Emperor Haile Selassie I, by the time of His visit to Chicago on June 8, 1954, was well-ready to make good on his "Repatriation Offer" which the Chicago Defender newspaper reported as follows: "a house, rent-free, a salary at least equalling that which applicants are now earning or could earn in America, free transportation to Ethiopia for applicants and their families, annual three-months vacations with pay and -- in some instinces -- automobiles provided by the government. . . . Persons interested in applying for employment in Ethiopia or receiving additional information are advised to write the Ethiopian Embassy in Washington."

Given that June 8, 2004 is a day of intensified energies for mental communications on the Jubilee Anniversary of His Imperial Majesty, the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, Conquering Lion of Judah's presence in the place where I was born and raised, I can't help but to take time to Commemorate the message that the Almighty Himself gave fifty years ago, and its relevance to today. Now, I have a message for the whole Rastafari Family Wordwide.

The message is this:

Exactly fifty years ago, the King of Kings and Lord of Lords came to carry I&I home to a place He Himself had prepared that where He lived, I&I shall abide. It was open to all, yet, even unto today, few have forwarded? Why? Why did I&I fail to claim and manifest I&I deliverance fifty years ago? Ras Mora, during the Jubilee Commemoration Exhibition in Brooklyn, New York, gave the reasoned answer summed up thus: faced with the choice between Repatriation and Integration, the people of African descent in America chose integration. On the heels of the integrated military coming out of World War II and the Korean War, having, apparently, triumphed in the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, We, the Black people of the West, MISSED I&I DELIVERANCE!

Consider this: Ethiopia in 1954 was an emerging world power every bit as much as the United States, who itself had just suffered a "Great Depression" in the late 1920's and early 1930's. Like Ethiopia in 1935-1936, America became embroiled in War in 1941, having been attacked at Pearl Harbor. Today, America is celebrating her "D-Day" victory at Normandy, just as Ethiopians celebrate the Great Ethiopian Anniversary of May 5, 1941 when Emperor Haile Selassie entered Addis Ababa to regain His Throne. Fifty years after the Emperor of Ethiopia came and visited the President of the United States, Ethiopia, the first civilization on earth which gave all peoples religion, science and culture, has now become the last in nearly every major index of quality of life, while America has become the world's only superpower nation.

What happened? Now, fifty years later look at the facts:

Ethiopia is no longer a "well-watered" food exporter with a sky-rocketing econmy. Though I&I never give up hope for a glorious Ethiopian future, the fact is that Ethiopia is ravaged by drought, famine, illness, and lack of development. Ethiopia again lost her access to the Red Sea when Eritrea separated. Is this what Haile Selassie invisioned in 1954?

Haile Selassie was recruiting I&I to play no small part in Ethiopia's development, no less than I&I played in America's of which he said I&I had reason to be proud. Thus, I&I have to take some responsibility for the conditions in Ethiopia just as I&I have to take responsibility for conditions in our communitites in the west. To the degree that Haile Selassie already set I&I free, so is I&I responsibility at home and abroad. Ar the prophet Marcus Mosiah Garvey said in a speech delivered at Madison Square Garden on March 16, 1924:

“The thoughtful and industrious of our race want to go back to Africa, because we realize it will be our only hope of permanent existence. We cannot all go in a day or in a year, ten or twenty years. It will take time under the rule of modern economics, to entirely or largely depopulate a country of a people, who have been its residents for centuries, but we feel that with proper help for fifty years, the problem can be solved. We do not want all the Negroes in Africa. Some are no good here, and naturally will be no good there . . . . “ [Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey]

What effect has the thoughtful and industrious of the race had on Ethiopia fifty years after Haile Selassie, the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, Conquering Lion of Judah actually came to carry I&I home? From this perspective, one must honestly answer, very little. Did not Haile Selassie have great expectations from I&I? Yes!!! Shashemane has not been developed, additional grants were not given, and "phenomenal progress" in which our ancestors played no small progress has not been achieved.

Thus, the true meaning of the Jubilee Commemoration of His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I First Visit to the United States, 1954, for We, the descendants of Africans in America, is the mercy and forgiveness of His Imperial Majesty for having failed to "Come out of her my people".

As Rasses in America, our God and King came to carry His people home and did not fail to provide everything I&I need for a better life in our Forefather's and Foremother's land. Emperor Haile Selassie came and gave His people citizenship and their "forty acres and a mule" in a Black Empire at a time when America was practicing Jim Crow apartheid. We chose to integrate into America. Our experts, reflecting on fifty year after the Brown v Board of Education decision, have concluded that the sitution of public education for Black youth is worse than fifty years ago. Likewise is the situation for Black people in the criminal justice situation, for Black farmers, in every field accept sports and entertainment. In all, the descendants of Africans in America have not become free from the legacy of slavery and racism.

Now, at the outbreak of hostilities against America which started on Septemeber 11, 2001 (Ethiopian News Years), the descendants of Africans in America have become second class citizens and have integrated themselves into the judgment which is coming to America. When weapons of mass destruction are used again against America, in America, there will not be any distinction or discrimination made. The integrated African Americans will suffer America's fate right along with her first-class citizens.

I&I are in the same position as descendants of Africans in Europe, who were looking at the outbreak of hostilites in Europe. At that time, enlightened people could see the soon-to-come consequences of failed foreign policies. Haile Selassie himself said at the League of Nations, "Today it is us [Ethiopia], tomorrow it will be you [Europe]. You have struck the match in Ethiopia, but it shall burn Europe!"

Imagine you were a Black person , living in Europe, and forseeing what was to come. The Voice of Ethiopia, which became the official organ of the Ethiopian World Federation, Inc., as early as 1937, published articles every week foretelling of the "doom" of Europe. All the bombs, air raids, tanks, trenches, dead bodies, millions of dead bodies, war, poverty, famine, millions of dead bodies. Ask anyone to tell of their struggles surviving World War II in Europe . . . . Back then, there was no "Africa for the African's" to Repatriate to. Haile Selassie was himself living in Bath, England! There was no place to run to, to escape to. Haile Selassie had only just begun to prepare a place that where He is, I&I shall abide. Black people in Europe must have been horrified upon the realization that they could not escape the same dark fate which befell Ethiopians at home! Well, that same fate is about to befall America. Yet, descendants of Africans in America were given an opportunity for deliverance in 1954 and instead chose to integrate into America. Not knowing this history, descendants of Africans in America could not properly respond to the destruction of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. That is why, in the just published book Paradox of Loyalty: An African American Response to the War on Terrorism edited by Julianne Malveux and Reginna A. Green with a Forward by Cornell West, published by third World Press in Chicago, among the twenty-six (26) submissions purporting to represent the full range of African American Response to the War on Terrorism, none of them express an emigrationist, repatriation response. Given the blighted condition of Black life in America, along with the fact that America was now the target of hostilities and has become the most vulnerable in her history, there is now, more than any period in African American history, reason to embark on a "Back to Africa" program. With diminished quality of life and the impending "doom of America", Repatriation to Ethiopia, our divine heritage as HIM said, represents today, as it did in 1937, our best and last hope for existence itself.

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Received from Ras Nathaniel

HIM Haile Selassie and Brown v Board case. 

Haile Selassie I be praised.

Below are excerpts from the Jubilee Commemoration Exhibition of His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I First Visit to the United States (1954) presentation at the Marcus Garvey Center in Brooklyn, New York, May 29, 2004:

THE HIGH-POINT OF US-AFRICAN RELATIONS: BROWN VS. BOARD OF EDUCATION DECISION AND THE VISIT OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY, EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE I OF ETHIOPIA.

It has already been stated that His Imperial Majesty’s Visit to the United States in 1954 marked the high-point of US-Africa relations. This was represented by the US-Ethiopia Mutual Defense Agreement and the establishment of the Kagnew communications facility which became the major US sigint ("signal intelligence") listening station monitoring all High Frequency radio messages. It was also represented in the linking of the civil rights struggle of Africans in American with the struggle for African Liberation on the African Continent. Sundiata Acoli, an Afrikan Liberation soldier imprisoned in America, writes:

“Afrikans from Afrika, having fought to save European independence, returned to the Afrikan continent and began fighting for the independence of their own colonized nations. Rather than fight losing Afrikan colonial wars, most European nations opted to grant ‘phased’ independence to their African colonies. The US now faced the prospect of thousands of Afrikan diplomatic personnel, their staff, and families coming to the UN and wandering into a minefield of incidents, particularly on state visits to the rigidly segregated [Washington] DC capital. That alone could push each newly emerging independent Afrikan nation into the socialist column. To counteract this possibility, the US decided to desegregate. As a result, on May 17, 1954, the US Supreme Court declared school segregation illegal.”

Just prior to His Imperial Majesty’s arrival in the United States, an editorial in the Ethiopian Herald newspaper of May 22, 1954 stated, “So intermeshed are the interests of our present day world that whatever happens in one part may have repercussions in wide areas elsewhere. The United States Supreme Court’s decision last Monday on segregated state schools in that country takes its place in this category of events.” Sensitive to embarrassment before the world that the spectre of racial segregation, particularly in education, might have during the visit of a Black Emperor of Ethiopia, the US passed the Brown vs. Board of Education decision when it did, just one week before His Imperial Majesty’s arrival, in order to “show off” the progress the US was making in race relations. According to the United States Government's Amicus Curiae brief to the US Supreme Court,

“It is in the context of the present world struggle between freedom and tyranny that the problem of racial discrimination must be viewed . . . For discrimination against minority groups in the US has an adverse effect upon our relations with other countries. Racial discrimination furnishes grist for the Communist propaganda mills, and it raises doubts even among friendly nations as to the integrity of our devotion to the democratic faith.”

The Chicago Defender newspaper ran an article during His Imperial Majesty’s visit entitled “Integration On Display For Selassie At Capital” and stated that,

“Colored Washingtonians were much in evidence both in official and non official capacities here Wednesday as the nation’s capital greeted Emperor Haile Selassie, the Emperor of Ethiopia. . . . The government lost no opportunity to present colored Americans in a favorable light during the Emperor’s stay here. It was obvious that the state department realized that his visit on the heels of the Supreme Court decision offered a good opportunity to counter Communist racial propaganda which has plagued this nation in world forums.”

A Cleveland Call and Post editorial stated that, “The nation’s Chief Executive [President Eisenhower] has repeatedly stated that the stigma of racial discrimination is the greatest weakness in our defense against world communism . . . .” Addressing the issue after receiving an Honorary Doctorate of Laws from Howard University on May 28, Emperor Haile Selassie said, “the World is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of contributions made by colored peoples everywhere to higher and broader standards of social concepts. Events of the recent days, here in the United States, have brilliantly confirmed before the world the contributions which you have made to the principle that all men are brothers and equal in the sight of God.”

Asked by a reporter at a New York Press Conference on June 1, 1954 what he thought about the recent United States Supreme Court decision outlawing racial segregation in the public schools, His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie replied,

“This historic court decision resting on your Constitution will win the esteem of the entire world for the United States. And in particular, it will win the esteem of all the colored people of the world.” Asked the same question in San Francisco on June 14, His Imperial Majesty said, “The decision will not only strengthen the ties between Ethiopia and the United States, but will also win friends everywhere in the world.”

Another article, which appeared on June 8, 1954, was headlined, “Emperor Selassie Links Negro With Africans Throughout World.” According to the Chicago Defender, Haile Selassie’s Special Message to the African in America:

“My message to the colored people of the United States is that they continue to press forward with determination their social and intellectual advancement, meeting all obstacles with Christian courage and tolerance, confident in the certainty of the eventual triumph of justice and equality throughout the world. The people of Ethiopia feel the strongest bond of sympathy and understanding with the colored people of the United States. We greatly admire your achievements and your contributions to American life and the tremendous development of this great nation.”

Just before the start of Haile Selassie’s visit to the US, the British in East Africa launched “Operation Anvil” against the mounting strength of the African Freedom Fighters called “Mau Mau”. More than 40,000 British troops captured 26,500 “suspects” and held them in concentration camps. Just over a year later, on December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks embodied that courage and determination and defied Montgomery, Alabama’s bus segregation laws by refusing to give her seat to the white man, kicking off the civil rights movement in America. By 1957, Ghana had become the first African nation to achieve its independence.

By January 4, 1965, the New York Times was reporting that Malcolm X had gotten 33 African Heads of State to support his Organization of Afro American Unity (OAAU) petition to the United Nations and that the US State Department, the CIA and the FBI noticed that African leaders were now openly attacking the US

By February 16, 1965, Malcolm X was denouncing the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education decision as “Tokenism”:

“From 1954 to 1964 can easily be looked upon as the era of the emerging African state. And as the African state emerged . . . what effect did it have on the Black American? When he saw the Black man on the [African] continent taking a stand, it made him become filled with the desire to take a stand . . . Just as [the US] had to change their approach with the people on the African continent, they also began to change their approach with our people on this continent. As they used tokenism . . . on the African continent . . . they began to do the same thing with us here in the States . . . . Tokenism . . . every move they made was a token move . . . . They came up with a Supreme Court decision that they haven’t put into practice yet. Not even in Rochester, much less in Mississippi.”

Relentlessly seeking to educate the African in America about Africa, Malcolm X began making Africa’s independence struggle and its relationship to the civil rights struggle a focus of his speeches.

Malcolm X was killed on February 21, 1965. Two weeks later, the New York Times ran a story headlined “World Court Opens Africa Case Monday” which stated that “The International Court of Justice will open oral proceedings Monday in a case linking the segregation struggle of the American Negro and the fate of 430,000 African Bantus and bushmen . . . .” At issue is a four-year effort by Ethiopia and Liberia to bar South Africa from applying her race separation or apartheid doctrine in South West Africa which she controls. The two African complainants, searching for arguments to defeat race-separation policy, have hit on the obvious parallels between the two separations. Almost certainly they will cite the American school segregation cases beginning with the history making decision of May, 1954 in Brown vs. Board of Education, in which the Supreme Court found that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

Just before Malcolm X’s murder, Burundi Prime Minister, Pierre Ngendandumwe, a major supporter of the OAAU petition, was assassinated by Gonzlave Muyinzi, a man who worked at the US Embassy where the CIA was located. Four days after Malcolm X’s murder, a Kenyan government official who supported the OAAU petition was assassinated.

Regarding the South West Africa case at the International Court of Justice, at issue was the policy of racial segregation. The San, Khoihoi, Ovambo and Herero tribes lived in general isolation from Europeans until Portuguese explorer Batolomeau Dias landed in 1488. He was followed by hunters, missionaries, explorers and a small number of British and American whalers. The Dutch took over the only deep water port in Namibia (Walvis Bay) but this was taken over by the British in the 18th century. A German merchant called “Ledertitz” set up a town on the coast and it was from this foothold that German South West Africa was established in 1884. In the next three decades, the Germans bought or stole all the land of the natives, and bloodily suppressed African resistance. The biggest uprising against the Germans was made by the Herero, whose revolt in 1904 cost 60,000 lives becoming the first genocide of the Twentieth Century. In 1915, during World War I, the German Colony was conquered by military forces of South Africa. Germany renounced sovereignty over the region in the Treaty of Versailles, and in 1920 the League of Nations granted South Africa a mandate over the territory. The “mandate” stated that the well being and development of those peoples in former enemy colonies not yet able to stand by themselves formed a “sacred trust of civilization” and that “the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations . . . who are willing to accept it.” This meant that the racist white minority of South Africa had, under the Covenant of the League of Nations, accepted the responsibility to do the utmost to promote the material and moral well-being and the social progress of the inhabitants of the country.

In 1946 the United Nations General Assembly requested South Africa to submit a trusteeship agreement to the UN to replace the mandate of the defunct League of Nations; South Africa refused to do so. In 1949, a South African constitutional amendment extended parliamentary representation (and thereby the racist policy of apartheid) to South West Africa. The International Court of Justice, however, ruled in 1950 that the status of the mandate could be changed only with the consent of the UN. South Africa subsequently refused to accede to UN demands concerning a trusteeship arrangement. Aroused by the steps that the government of South Africa was taking to establish apartheid in the mandated territory, Ethiopia and Liberia took the case to the International Court of Justice. It was their contention that, since the Brown vs. Board of Education decision ruled that racial segregation was unfair, did not promote the material and moral well-being and social progress of blacks, and violated their human rights, then applying racial segregation in the form of apartheid in South West Africa could not be said to promote the moral and material well-being and social progress to the black people in that territory, and thus, South West Africa should be granted their independence.

On December 7, 1960, HIM Haile Selassie remarked, in response to a toast by Liberian President William Tubman, that

“This same spirit of collaboration on problems of mutual concern continuing at an accelerated pace today in the policies which these two African states are pursuing to the end of eradicating racial discrimination, that ignoble and most infamous of prejudices, from the face of the earth. Ethiopia and Liberia are today pressing a legal action before the International Court of Justice at the Hague, for the lifting of the mandate held by the Republic of South Africa over the territory of South-West Africa. We re-affirm here now our determination to pursue this course to its successful conclusion.”

On February 2, 1962, HIM Haile Selassie said,

“The apartheid policy of the racist government of the white minority in South Africa continues to subject our African brothers, who constitute the overwhelming majority in that country, to untold humiliation and oppression . . . .the unfortunate condition in which our African brothers find themselves in South-West Africa under the notorious and deplorable policy of apartheid and ruthless administration of South Africa is equally depressing and intolerable. However, We are convinced that before long the continued efforts of the United Nations and the legal proceedings instituted at the International Court of Justice by our Government and that of our sister state Liberia will bear fruit.”

Then, on May 26, 1965, just two months after the murder of Malcolm X and the New York Times article announcing the start of the South West Africa case and linking it with Malcolm X’s petition to the United Nations, HIM Haile Selassie said,

“In South Africa and South West Africa, the policies of apartheid and oppression are becoming increasingly unbearable. The South African Government [Ras note: like the US Government Federal Bureau of Investigations Counter-Intelligence Program or COINTELPRO] is accelerating its ruthless campaign: a methodological campaign of arresting daily, detaining without trial and torturing the Africans and their leaders who are struggling for their fundamental human rights and freedom. All the peace-loving countries of the world must act together to force the colonial governments of South Africa and Portugal to desist from these policies - policies which are inhuman, policies which are detrimental to the peace and security of the ENTIRE WORLD - and grant independence and freedom to these oppressed people.”

A year later, while at the Organization of African Unity on July 7, 1966, HIM Haile Selassie said,

“You are meeting today in this very Hall which gave birth to the Organization of African Unity barely two and a half years ago in order to consider and find a solution to the Southern Rhodesian situation which has posed a grave challenge not only to the OAU but also to the independence of Our individual states and indeed to the national liberation movements of Angola, Mozambique, South West Africa, South Africa, . . . All forces of good, wherever they may be found, must be mobilized to uproot the white supremacists in Rhodesia and in Southern Africa. All freedom loving peoples must co-operate to destroy this deadly cancer of human liberty and equality. After all, at issue is not the loss of freedom to four million Africans but the survival of human liberty. The world, therefore should not condone the perpetration of one of the greatest political crimes in human history.”

On July 18, 1966, the International Court of Justice rendered its Judgment in Ethiopia v. South Africa; Liberia v. South Africa:

“In its Judgment on the second phase of the cases the Court, by the President’s casting vote, the votes being equally divided (seven-seven), found that the Applicant States could not be considered to have established any legal right or interest in the subject matter of their claims and accordingly decided to reject them.”

Four months later, at the opening session of the OAU on November 6, 1966, His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie stated:

“For a number of years now the problem of South West Africa has become the major concern of the African countries. Liberia and Ethiopia, as former members of the League of Nations, acting on behalf of all African States, had sued South Africa for violating her mandate in South-West Africa by introducing the policy of apartheid into that territory and by failing in her obligation to promote the interest of the African population. After six years of litigation, the International Court of Justice decided that the two states did not establish legal status in the case to stand before the Court, thus reversing its judgment of jurisdiction given in 1962. This unfortunate decision has profoundly shaken the high hopes that mankind had placed in the International Court of Justice. The faith man had that justice can be rendered is shattered and the cause of Africa betrayed.”

Apartheid laws of South Africa, by this time, had been extended to the country. The UN continued to debate the question, and in June 1971 the International Court of Justice ruled that the South African presence in South West Africa was illegal. However, South Africa continued to govern the territory. As a result, the South West African People’s Organization (SWAPO), a black African nationalist movement led by Sam Nujoma, escalated its guerilla campaign to oust South Africans. South Africa continued to resist eviction until December 1988, when it agreed to allow “Namibia” to become independent.

Thus, one can see that the victory of Haile Selassie over Mussolini and the Fascists in 1941, and HIM Haile Selassie's "Coming to America" actually provoked the Brown vs. Board of Education decision. The case was significant not only in terms of American history, but in terms of the African Liberation struggle and, therefore, world history. Today, even African American scholars do an injustice by failing to link the Brown v Board of Education decision to the African Liberation struggle led by His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I. As a result, the public is taught that the Brown vs. Board of Education was only a significant element in the civil rights struggle instead of the human rights struggle which Malcolm X was illustrating back in 1964-65.

During this 50th Anniversary of Emperor Haile Selassie I first visit to the United States, the Issembly for Rastafari Iniversal Education (IRIE) has taken up the task of correcting this scholarship and to keep the focus on the brilliant light of the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I.

(Please print this post and distribute to those who don't use the internet or have computer access, and forward it to your local newspaper and black studies department. Forward to as many people as you can)

To contact the Jubilee Commemoration Exhibition Coordinator, email jce2004@hotmail.com

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